好(hao)氧生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)膜法是(shi)在活性污泥的(de)基础上，引入微(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)长(zhang)的(de)附着载体(ti)如滤料填料等(deng)反(fan)应(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)进行处(chu)理的(de)方法。目前的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)膜反(fan)应(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)类型主要包括(kuo)固定(ding)床(chuang)、流动(dong)(dong)床(chuang)和复合(he)式(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)膜反(fan)应(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)。常见的(de)处(chu)理工艺(yi)有生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)转盘、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)滤池、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)接触氧化(hua)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)流化(hua)床(chuang)、机械搅(jiao)动(dong)(dong)床(chuang)、活性污泥-生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)膜反(fan)应(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)、序批式(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)膜反(fan)应(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)等(deng)。这些工艺(yi)均利用(yong)介质滤料，使(shi)微(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)附着其上，使(shi)污水与微(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)接触，从(cong)而利用(yong)微(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)可降解有机物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)特性，在膜内完成有机物(wu)(wu)(wu)污染的(de)去除，从(cong)而净(jing)化(hua)污水。

生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)法(fa)的(de)(de)优(you)(you)点在(zai)于微生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)种(zhong)类(lei)多，包括好氧菌，厌氧菌，真(zhen)菌和藻类(lei)，并且微生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)附(fu)着在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)上，损失量(liang)较(jiao)少;生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)法(fa)可(ke)以将(jiang)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)种(zhong)类(lei)的(de)(de)微生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)分开附(fu)着于不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)上，使污(wu)(wu)水处(chu)(chu)理能分段(duan)进行(xing)，在(zai)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)处(chu)(chu)理阶(jie)段(duan)，微生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)各自发挥其优(you)(you)势处(chu)(chu)理不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)污(wu)(wu)染物(wu)(wu)，相(xiang)互协调，使净化效率更(geng)高，更(geng)易控制;另(ling)外(wai)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)可(ke)以附(fu)着长(zhang)势缓慢的(de)(de)硝化细菌，其内部的(de)(de)厌氧环(huan)境增(zeng)强了其脱(tuo)(tuo)氮作用，使得脱(tuo)(tuo)氮能力得到(dao)增(zeng)强。故(gu)而(er)(er)，相(xiang)较(jiao)活性污(wu)(wu)泥法(fa)而(er)(er)言，生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)法(fa)在(zai)处(chu)(chu)理能力、系(xi)统维护和操作运行(xing)等方(fang)面，均有较(jiao)大的(de)(de)优(you)(you)势。

生物膜的(de)缺点主要(yao)有：生物膜易脱(tuo)落、受季节影(ying)响大、滤(lv)池散发一定(ding)的(de)气味对等(deng)。